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Head of a Magus King in plaster
after a 15th-century sculpture
from the Cathedral of Strasbourg

(France, 20th c.)
Magos Foundation Collection

APPEARANCE OF THE FIRST
REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BLACK MAGUS
(13th century)

For centuries, theologians have maintained that one of the Magi was black, without any change in the iconography. The first depiction of Africans in the Adoration of the Magi is found in the sculpture of Pisano in Italy dated 1266. Depictions of the Black Magus did not become common until the 1360s and definitely around 1440. Most of the time, the white Magi will be retouched one after the other to ensure that one of the three Magi has a blackened face. This phenomenon occurred during the geographical discovery of black Africa and the “black trade.” In Italy, where blonds are rather rare, the Magi were often represented until the 15th century with golden hair as glittering as gold. Dark skin color was relegated to servants or grooms. For the good Italian Christian conscience of the time, to imagine that a Magus could have the same physical appearance as one of their black servants was unthinkable!